EP 158: Research Roundup with Dr Veera: Discoveries in neurogenetics, evolution, cardiac arrhythmias, and more!

Join us as we welcome back Dr. Veera Rajagopal, a discovery scientist at Regeneron with an interest in human genetics and drug target discovery in neuroscience and psychiatry. If you’re a regular listener of The Genetics Podcast, you may be familiar with Dr. Veera’s annual round-up episodes, and more recently, his quarterly appearances on the show. We’re pleased to bring you the latest quarterly roundup, during which Dr. Veera and Patrick walk through the most recent developments in genetics, drug discovery, and precision medicine. In this episode, Dr. Veera and Patrick dive into a wide variety of topics, including: - The evolution of skin color in humans - The potential of a novel tau isoform for Alzheimer’s treatment - Protective mechanisms of tomoregulin-1 against herpes simplex virus - The discovery of a new noncoding Mendelian disease mechanism linked to cardiac arrhythmias - A comparative analysis of whole genome versus whole exome sequencing for gene discovery. Tune in now, and don’t forget to check out Veera’s substack, GWAS Stories, and his Twitter, @doctorveera. Additionally, we’re excited to invite you to an in-person meetup for The Genetics Podcast during the ASHG Annual Meeting in Denver, CO! Over the years, we’ve had the honor of speaking with leading voices across science, industry, patient advocacy, and policy. Now, we’re bringing this incredible community together face-to-face. Join us on the evening of Thursday, November 7. To RSVP, visit: https://lu.ma/geneticspodASHG.

0:00 Invitation to The Genetics Podcast meetup

1:30 Intro to The Genetics Podcast

2:30 Welcome to Veera

3:20 The evolution on skin color in humans and their ancestors:

Discussion on how a retrotransposon—often called a "jumping gene"—within the ASIP gene (agouti signaling protein) influenced the evolution of skin pigmentation in humans and their ancestors. ASIP, a paracrine hormone produced by skin cells, plays a key role in determining skin color.

Veera’s Substack Post: How a Jumping Gene Shaped Human Skin Color Evolution - https://www.gwasstories.com/p/how-a-jumping-gene-shaped-the-human
Original Research: Study by Dr. Po-Ru Loh and Dr. Steve McCarroll from the Broad Institute, published in Nature Genetics - https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-024-01841-4

18:00 - An overlooked tau isoform could unlock an effective drug for Alzheimer’s disease

Exploration of big tau, an often overlooked isoform with unique properties that may make it a promising therapeutic target for tauopathies like Alzheimer's disease. The therapeutic mechanism is reminiscent of Casgevy, a gene therapy treatment used for sickle cell disease.

Resources:

Veera’s Substack Post: The Big Tau: A New Hope for Alzheimer’s - https://www.gwasstories.com/p/the-big-tau-a-new-hope-for-alzheimers
Original Research: Study from Dr. Huda Zoghbi’s lab on how the big tau splice isoform resists Alzheimer’s-related pathological changes - https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.30.605685v1

34:10 Protecting cortical neurons from herpes simplex virus

An international team of researchers, led by Jean-Laurent Casanova and Yi-Hao Chan at Rockefeller University, has discovered that tomoregulin-1 (TMEFF1), a neuronal membrane protein, protects human cortical neurons from herpes simplex viral infection. The gene responsible for producing TMEFF1 encodes a viral restriction membrane protein that prevents viruses from entering brain cells, offering potential therapeutic insights.

Veera’s Substack Post: Discovery of TMEFF1, a viral restriction factor in the human brain - https://www.gwasstories.com/p/discovery-of-tmeff1-a-viral-restriction
Original Research: Study by the Jean-Laurent Casanova Lab at Rockefeller University, Human TMEFF1 is a restriction factor for herpes simplex virus in the brain - https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07745-x

47:30 KCNB1 and a novel cardiac arrhythmia syndrome
A genetic investigation into cardiac arrhythmias has identified a new noncoding Mendelian disease mechanism stemming from a rare Mendelian disorder.

Veera’s Substack Post: De novo enhancer creation by a noncoding mutation - https://www.gwasstories.com/p/de-novo-enhancer-creation-by-a-noncoding
Original Research: A novel familial cardiac arrhythmia syndrome with widespread ST-segment depression. The authors note, “We believe this is the first description of an entirely de novo cryptic enhancer causing a Mendelian disorder.” - https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMc1807668

57:40 - Genomes vs. exomes

Exploring the cost-effectiveness of whole genome sequencing compared to whole exome sequencing for gene discovery. This segment explores the long-standing debate over exomes versus genomes, highlighting challenges in studying noncoding variants and the value of each approach in the context of common versus rare diseases.

Veera’s Substack Post: Genomes vs. Exomes - https://www.gwasstories.com/p/genomes-vs-exomes
Original Research: Yield of genetic association signals from genomes, exomes and imputation in the UK Biobank - https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-024-01930-4

1:10:00 Closing remarks

1:14:30 Outro